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- **************************
- * Leucine zipper pattern *
- **************************
-
- A structure, referred to as the 'leucine zipper' [1,2], has been proposed to
- explain how some eukaryotic gene regulatory proteins work. The leucine zipper
- consist of a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh
- position over a distance covering eight helical turns. The segments containing
- these periodic arrays of leucine residues seem to exist in an alpha-helical
- conformation. The leucine side chains extending from one alpha-helix interact
- with those from a similar alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating
- dimerization; the structure formed by cooperation of these two regions forms a
- coiled coil [3]. The leucine zipper pattern is present in many gene regulatory
- proteins, such as:
-
- - The CCATT-box and enhancer binding protein (C/EBP).
- - The cAMP response element (CRE) binding proteins (CREB, CRE-BP1, ATFs).
- - The Jun/AP1 family of transcription factors.
- - The yeast general control protein GCN4.
- - The fos oncogene, and the fos-related proteins fra-1 and fos B.
- - The C-myc, L-myc and N-myc oncogenes.
- - The octamer-binding transcription factor 2 (Oct-2/OTF-2).
-
- -Consensus pattern: L-x(6)-L-x(6)-L-x(6)-L
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: All those
- mentioned in the original paper, with the exception of L-myc which has a Met
- instead of the second Leu.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: some 600 other sequences from every
- category of protein families.
-
- -Note: as this is far from being a specific pattern you should be cautious in
- citing the presence of such pattern in a protein if it has not been shown to
- be a nuclear DNA-binding protein.
-
- -Last update: December 1992 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Landschulz W.H., Johnson P.F., McKnight S.L.
- Science 240:1759-1764(1988).
- [ 2] Busch S.J., Sassone-Corsi P.
- Trends Genet. 6:36-40(1990).
- [ 3] O'Shea E.K., Rutkowski R., Kim P.S.
- Science 243:538-542(1989).
-